ToastWen

Texts

The Phase 0 corpus is two Chinese classics. Korean and Japanese texts — and the commentary traditions that read them differently — arrive in later phases.

China

論語 The Analects

Four Books · Spring and Autumn / Warring States · compiled c. 5th–3rd c. BCE · 20 books

Sayings of Confucius (孔子) and his disciples, gathered by later followers. Twenty books (篇) of short, mostly unconnected passages (章). The foundational text of the Confucian tradition and, through the Four Books, of the civil-service curriculum across China, Korea, and Japan until the twentieth century.

道德經 Tao Te Ching

Daoist · Warring States · c. 4th c. BCE (oldest excavated text late 4th c. BCE) · 1 section

Eighty-one short chapters ascribed to Laozi (老子), the "Old Master." The root text of philosophical Daoism: the Way (道) that cannot be named, non-action (無為), and the power (德) of yielding.